Raadpleeg ook de uitwerking van dit tentamen.
Raadpleeg ook de bijlagen.
Een aantal weken geleden is de grondstof kaliumjodide binnengekomen in ons magazijn. Het analysecertificaat hiervan is opgenomen in bijlage 1a, de monografie in bijlage 1b. Om privacy redenen is de naam van het bedrijf en die van de verantwoordelijke personen onleesbaar gemaakt.
Op een aantal punten lijkt er "gerommeld" te zijn met het certificaat.
In de monografie voor carbasalaat-calcium staat de limiettest op natrium met AES volgens de ijklijn methode (zie bijlage 2 voor aanvullende gegevens). De maximaal toegestane hoeveelheid natrium in de grondstof is 0,1%.
Geef de hoeveelheid die afgewogen moet worden én de verdunningen die nodig zijn om:
In bijlage 3 is een deel van de monografie uit het Ph. Eur III-supplement 1999 voor ethanol (96%) opgenomen. Hoewel ethanol (96%) hygroscopisch is, wordt er niet direct op water getest.
Voor bijna alle vloeistoffen geeft de Ph. Eur ook als zuiverheidstest de brekingsindex.
In bijlage 4 zijn twee manieren opgenomen om de titer van HCl te stellen; die volgens de map op zaal en die volgens de Ph. Eur III.
In de Ph. Eur III staat voor papaverineHCl een titratie voorgeschreven waarbij kwikacetaat gebruikt wordt. (zie bijlage 5) Deze wordt niet uitgevoerd op het practicum, er bestaan echter twee alternatieve titraties voor: een titratie met ethanolische Natriumhydroxide na toevoegen van een overmaat HCl en een titratie met perchloorzuur in azijnzuuranhydride. Deze zijn allebei ongeveer even nauwkeurig.
Tijdens het practicum is door een student de titratie met NaOH uitgevoerd, hieronder zijn daarvan de resultaten opgenomen.
Voorschrift:
Afgewogen (mg) | 1ste equivalentiepunt (ml) | 2de equivalentiepunt (ml) | |
Test 1 | 301,2 | 9,75 | 17,45 |
Test 2 | 299,9 | 9,70 | 17,33 |
Titer NaOH: 0.1083 M
Titer HCl: 0.1076 M
Bijlagen bij schriftelijke toets Grondstoffenonderzoek 27 november 1998
resultaat | eis | opmerking | |
---|---|---|---|
uiterlijk | wit poeder of kleurloze, kristallen, geurloos | - | - |
oplosbaarheid | akkoord | - | - |
identiteit A B |
akkoord akkoord |
- | - |
uiterlijk van de oplossing | helder en kleurloos | - | - |
alkaliniteit | akkoord | max. 0,5 ml HCl 0,01 N | - |
iodide | akkoord | geen blauwkleuring | - |
sulfaat | akkoord | <150 ppm | - |
thiosulfaat | akkoord | geen blauwkleuring | - |
ijzer | akkoord | <20 ppm | - |
zware metalen | akkoord | <10 ppm | - |
droogverlies | 0,03% | max. 1,0% | - |
gehalte | 99,6% | 99,0-100,5% | gedroogde stof |
POTASSIUM IODIDE
Kalii iodidum
KI
Mr= 166.0
DEFINITION
Potassium iodide contains not less than 99.0 per cent and not more than the equivalent of 100.5 per cent of KI, calculated with reference to the dried substance.
CHARACTERS
A white powder or colourless crystals, very soluble in water, freely soluble in glycerol, soluble in alcohol.
IDENTIFICATION
A. Solution S (see Tests) gives the reactions of iodides (2.3.1).
B. Solution S gives the reactions of potassium (2.3.1).
TESTS
Solution S. Dissolve 10.0 g in carbon dioxide-free water R prepared from distilled water R and dilute to 100 ml with the same solvent.
Appearance of solution. Solution S is clear (2.2.1) and colourless (Method II, 2.2.2).
Alkalinity. To 12.5 ml of solution S add 0.1 ml of bromothymol blue solution R 1. Not more than 0.5 ml of 0.01 M hydrochloric acid is required to change the colour of the indicator.
Iodates. To 10 ml of solution S add 0.25 ml of iodide-free starch solution R and 0.2 ml of dilute sulphuric acid R and allow to stand protected from light for 2 min. No blue colour develops.
Sulphates (2.4.13). 10 ml of solution S diluted to 15 ml with distilled water R complies with the limit test for sulphates (150 ppm).
Thiosulphates. To 10 ml of solution S add 0.1 ml of starch solution R and 0.1 ml of 0.005 M iodine. A blue colour is produced.
Heavy metals (2.4.8). 12 ml of solution S complies with limit test A for heavy metals (10 ppm). Prepare the standard using lead standard solution (1 ppm Pb) R.
Iron (2.4.9). 5 ml of solution S diluted to 10 ml with water R complies with the limit test for iron (20 ppm).
Loss on drying(2.2.32). Not more than 1.0 per cent, determined on 1.00 g of previously powdered substance by drying in an oven at 100 øC to 105 øC for 3 h.
ASSAY
Dissolve 1.500 g in water R and dilute to 100.0 ml with the same solvent. To 20.0 ml of the solution add 40 ml of hydrochloric acid R and titrate with 0.05 M potassium iodate until the colour changes from red to yellow. Add 5 ml of chloroform R and continue the titration, shaking vigorously, until the chloroform layer is decolourised.
1 ml of 0.05 M potassium iodate is equivalent to 16.60 mg of KI.
STORAGE
Store in a well-closed container, protected from light.
CARBASALATE CALCIUM
Carbasalatum calcicum
C19H18CaN2O9
Mr= 458.4
DEFINITION
Carbasalate calcium contains not less than 99.0 per cent and not more than the equivalent of 101.0 per cent of an equimolecular compound of calcium di[2-(acetyloxy)benzoate] and urea, calculated with reference to the anhydrous substance.
CHARACTERS
A white, crystalline powder, freely soluble in water and dimethylformamide, practically insoluble in acetone and in anhydrous methanol.
Protect the substance from moisture during handling. Examination in aqueous solutions has to be performed immediately after preparation.
Sodium. Not more than 0.1 per cent, determined by atomic emission spectrometry (Method I, 2.2.22)
Aanvullende gegevens:
Molgewichten NaCl: 58.44
Atoomgewicht Na: 22.99
Atoomgewicht Cl: 35.45
ETHANOL (96 PER CENT)
Ethanolum (96 per centum)
DEFINITION
Ethanol (96 per cent) contains not less than 95.1 per cent V/V (92.6 per cent m/m) and not more than 96.9 per
cent V/V (95.2 per cent m/m) of C2H6O (Mr 46.07) at 20 �C, and water.
CHARACTERS
A colourless, clear, volatile, flammable liquid, hygroscopic, miscible with water and with methylene chloride. It
burns with a blue, smokeless flame.
It boils at about 78 �C.
IDENTIFICATION
First identification: A, B.
Second identification: A, C, D.
Time (min) | Temperature (�C) | Rate (�C/min) | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|
column | 0 - 12 | 40 | - | isothermal |
12 - 32 | 40 -> 240 | 10 | lineair gradient | |
32-42 | 240 | - | isothermal | |
injection port | - | 280 | - | - |
detector | - | 280 | - | - |
Inject 1 ml of each solution. The area of any peak corresponding to methanol in the chromatogram obtained with test solution (a) is not greater than half the area of the corresponding peak in the chromatogram obtained with
reference solution (a) (200 ppm V/V).
Calculate the sum of the contents (ppm) of acetaldehyde and acetal from the areas of the corresponding peaks in
the chromatogram obtained with test solution (a) using the following expression:
(10 x AE)/(AT - AE)+(10 x CE)/(CT - CE)
AE = area of the acetaldehyde peak in the chromatogram obtained with test solution (a),
AT = area of the acetaldehyde peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b),
CE = area of the acetal peak in the chromatogram obtained with test solution (a),
CT = area of the acetal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (c).
The sum of the contents of acetaldehyde and acetal is not greater than 10 ppm (V/V), expressed as acetaldehyde. Calculate the content of benzene (ppm) from the area of the corresponding peak in the chromatogram obtained with test solution (a) using the following expression:
BE/(BT - E)
BE = of the benzene peak in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution (a),
BT = area of the benzene peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (d).
If necessary, the identity of benzene can be confirmed using another suitable chromatographic system
(stationary phase with a different polarity).
It contains not more than 2 ppm (V/V) of benzene.
In the chromatogram obtained with test solution (b), the sum of the areas of any peaks, apart from the principal
peak and any peak due to methanol, acetaldehyde, acetal or benzene, is not greater than the area of the peak
corresponding to 4-methylpentan-2-ol (300 ppm). Disregard any peak with an area less than 0.03 times that of
the peak corresponding to 4-methylpentan-2-ol in the chromatogram obtained with test solution (b).
Residue on evaporation. Evaporate 100 ml to dryness on a water-bath and dry at 100 �C to 105 �C for 1 h. The
residue weighs not more than 2.5 mg (25 ppm m/V).
STORAGE
Store in a well-closed container, protected from light.
IMPURITIES
In de map met de titerstellingen, die bij het practicum hoort, wordt het volgende voorschrift voor de titerstelling van 0,1 M zoutzuur gegeven.
1903 Titerstelling Zoutzuur 0,1 M
Het equivalentgewicht van natriumcarbonaat is 53,00.
De Ph. Eur. 1997 geeft hiervoor het onderstaande voorschrift:
Standardisation. Dissolve 1.000 g of sodium carbonate RV in 50 ml of water R, add 0.1 ml of methyl orange solution R and titrate with the hydrochloric acid until the solution just becomes reddish-yellow. Boil for 2 min. The solution reverts to yellow. Cool and continue the titration until a reddish-yellow colour is obtained.
1 ml of 1 M hydrochloric acid is equivalent to 53.00 mg of Na2CO3.
Aanvullende gegevens:
Molgewicht Na2CO3: 106
Omslagtraject methyl-oranje: pH 3,2 - pH 4,4
PAPAVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Papaverini hydrochloridum
C20H22ClNO4
Mr= 375.9
DEFINITION
Papaverine hydrochloride contains not less than 99.0 per cent and not more than the equivalent of 101.0 per cent of 1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline hydrochloride, calculated with reference to the dried substance.
CHARACTERS
A white or almost white, crystalline powder or white or almost white crystals, sparingly soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, practically insoluble in ether.
Loss on drying (2.2.32). Not more than 1.0 per cent, determined on 1.00 g by drying in an oven at 100 øC to 105 øC.
Sulphated ash (2.4.14). Not more than 0.1 per cent, determined on the residue from the test for loss on drying.
ASSAY
Dissolve 0.300 g in 30 ml of anhydrous acetic acid R and add 6 ml of mercuric acetate solution R. Titrate with 0.1 M perchloric acid using 0.05 ml of crystal violet solution R as indicator.
1 ml of 0.1 M perchloric acid is equivalent to 37.59 mg of C20H22ClNO4
10 september 1999
Staf Farmaceutische Analyse 5e-jaar