Raadpleeg bij de beantwoording van deze vragen de bijlage.
Raadpleeg ook de uitwerking van dit tentamen.
De vragen hebben betrekking op de bijgeleverde monografie van Tryptofaan (2000:1272).
IDENTIFICATION (10 pt)
TESTS
1,1�-Ethylidenebistryptophan and other related substances. (10 pt)
Chlorides (Zie bijlage 2.4.4.) (15 pt)
Iron (Zie bijlage 2.4.9.) (10 pt)
Heavy metals (10 pt)
ASSAY (15 pt)
ANALYSERAPPORT (30 pt)
ANALYSERAPPORT
IDENTIFICATIE ZUIVERHEIDSTESTEN
GEHALTE: De temperatuur bij de gehaltebepaling was 23,1 graden Celsius in het titreervaatje en bij de titerstelling 21,0 graden Celsius. Er is voor de temperatuur gecorrigeerd evenals er gecorrigeerd is voor het droogverlies. De duplobepaling gaf als uitkomsten gehaltes van 100,0% en 101,8%.
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Bijlage
2.4.4. CHLORIDES
To 15 ml of the prescribed solution add 1 ml of dilute nitric acid R and pour the mixture as a single addition into a test-tube containing 1 ml of silver nitrate solution R2. Prepare a standard in the same manner using 10 ml of chloride standard solution (5 ppm Cl) R and 5 ml of water R. Examine the tubes laterally against a black background.
After standing for 5 min protected from light, any opalescence in the test solution is not more intense than that in the standard.
2.4.13. SULPHATES
All solutions used for this test should be prepared with distilled water R.
Add 1 ml of a 250 g/l solution of barium chloride R to 1.5 ml of sulphate standard solution (10 ppm SO4) R1. Shake and allow to stand for 1 min. Add 15 ml of the solution to be examined and 0.5 ml of acetic acid R. Prepare a standard in the same manner using 15 ml of sulphate standard solution (10 ppm SO4) R instead of the solution to be examined.
After 5 min, any opalescence in the test solution is not more intense than that in the standard.
2.4.9. IRON
Dissolve the prescribed quantity of the substance to be examined in water R and dilute to 10 ml with the same solvent or use 10 ml of the prescribed solution. Add 2 ml of a 200 g/l solution of citric acid R and 0.1 ml of thioglycollic acid R. Mix, make alkaline with ammonia R and dilute to 20 ml with water R. Prepare a standard in the same manner, using 10 ml of iron standard solution (1 ppm Fe) R.
After 5 min, any pink colour in the test solution is not more intense than that in the standard.
N-ACETYLTRYPTOPHAN
N-Acetyltryptophanum
C13H14N2O3
Mr 246.3
DEFINITION
N-Acetyltryptophan contains not less than 99.0 per cent and not more than the equivalent of 101.0 per cent of (RS)-2-acetylamino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, calculated with reference to the dried substance.
PRODUCTION
Tryptophan used for the production of N-acetyltryptophan complies with the test for related substances in the monograph on Tryptophan (1272).
CHARACTERS
A white or almost white, crystalline powder, or colourless crystals, slightly soluble in water, and very soluble in alcohol. It dissolves in dilute solutions of alkali hydroxides.
It melts at about 205 �C.
TRYPTOPHAN
Tryptophanum
C11H12N2O2
Mr 204.2
DEFINITION Tryptophan contains not less than 98.5 per cent and not more than the equivalent of 101.0 per cent of (S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, calculated with reference to the dried substance.
PRODUCTION
When tryptophan is produced by a process involving fermentation steps, it complies with the requirements of the monograph on Products of fermentation (1468).
CHARACTERS
A white or almost white, crystalline or amorphous powder, sparingly soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, practically insoluble in ether. It dissolves in dilute mineral acids and in dilute solutions of alkali hydroxides.
IDENTIFICATION
First identification: A, B.
Second identification: A, C, D.
A. It complies with the test for specific optical rotation (see Tests).
B. Examine the substance by infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24), comparing with the spectrum obtained with tryptophan CRS[Acrobat][WWW]. Examine the substances prepared as discs.
C. Examine the chromatograms obtained in the test for ninhydrin-positive substances. The principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with test solution (b) is similar in position, colour and size to the principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a).
D. Dissolve about 20 mg in 10 ml of water R. Add 5 ml of dimethylaminobenzaldehyde solution R6 and 2 ml of hydrochloric acid R1. Heat on a water-bath. A purple-blue colour develops.
TESTS
Appearance of solution. Dissolve 0.1 g in 1 M hydrochloric acid and dilute to 10 ml with the same acid. The solution is clear (2.2.1) and not more intensely coloured than reference solution BY6 (Method II, 2.2.2).
Specific optical rotation (2.2.7). Dissolve 0.25 g in water R, heating on a water-bath if necessary, and dilute to 25.0 ml with the same solvent. The specific optical rotation is - 30.0� to - 33.0�, calculated with reference to the dried substance.
Ninhydrin-positive substances. Examine by thin-layer chromatography (2.2.27), using a TLC silica gel plate R.
Test solution (a). Dissolve 0.10 g of the substance to be examined in a mixture of equal volumes of glacial acetic acid R and water R and dilute to 10 ml with the same mixture of solvents.
Test solution (b). Dilute 1 ml of test solution (a) to 50 ml with a mixture of equal volumes of glacial acetic acid R and water R.
Reference solution (a). Dissolve 10 mg of tryptophan CRS[Acrobat][WWW] in a mixture of equal volumes of glacial acetic acid R and water R and dilute to 50 ml with the same mixture of solvents.
Reference solution (b). Dilute 5 ml of test solution (b) to 20 ml with a mixture of equal volumes of glacial acetic acid R and water R.
Reference solution (c). Dissolve 10 mg of tryptophan CRS[Acrobat][WWW] and 10 mg of tyrosine CRS[Acrobat][WWW] in a mixture of equal volumes of glacial acetic acid R and water R and dilute to 25 ml with the same mixture of solvents.
Apply separately to the plate 5 �l of each solution. Develop over a path of 15 cm using a mixture of 20 volumes of glacial acetic acid R, 20 volumes of water R and 60 volumes of butanol R. Allow the plate to dry in air. Spray with ninhydrin solution R and heat at 100 �C to 105 �C for 15 min. Any spot in the chromatogram obtained with test solution (a), apart from the principal spot, is not more intense than the spot in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b) ( 0.5 per cent). The test is not valid unless the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (c) shows two clearly separated spots. 1,1'-Ethylidenebistryptophan and other related substances. Examine by liquid chromatography (2.2.29).
Buffer solution pH 2.3. Dissolve 3.90 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate R in 1000 ml of water R. Add about 700 ml of a 2.9 g/l solution of phosphoric acid R and adjust to pH 2.3 with the same acidic solution.
Prepare the solutions immediately before use.
Standard solution. Dissolve 10.0 mg of N-acetyltryptophan R in a mixture of 10 volumes of acetonitrile R and 90 volumes of water R and dilute to 100.0 ml with the same mixture of solvents. Dilute 2.0 ml of the solution to 100.0 ml with the same mixture of solvents.
Test solution (a). Dissolve 0.10 g of the substance to be examined in a mixture of 10 volumes of acetonitrile R and 90 volumes of water R and dilute to 10.0 ml the same mixture of solvents.
Test solution (b). Dissolve 0.10 g of the substance to be examined in the standard solution and dilute to 10.0 ml with the same solution.
Reference solution (a). Dissolve 1.0 mg of 1,1'-ethylidenebistryptophan CRS in a mixture of 10 volumes of acetonitrile R and 90 volumes of water R and dilute to 100.0 ml with the same mixture of solvents.
Reference solution (b). Dilute 10.0 ml of reference solution (a) to 50.0 ml with the standard solution.
Reference solution (c). Dilute 10.0 ml of reference solution (a) to 50.0 ml with a mixture of 10 volumes of acetonitrile R and 90 volumes of water R.
Reference solution (d). Dissolve 0.10 g of the substance to be examined in reference solution (c) and dilute to 10.0 ml with the same solution.
Reference solution (e). Dilute 1.0 ml of reference solution (c) to 10.0 ml with a mixture of 10 volumes of acetonitrile R and 90 volumes of water R.
The chromatographic procedure may be carried out using:
- a stainless steel column 0.25 m long and 4.6 mm in internal diameter packed with octadecylsilyl silica gel for chromatography R (5 �m),
- as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7 ml per minute the following solutions:
Mobile phase A. A mixture of 115 volumes of acetonitrile R and 885 volumes of buffer solution pH 2.3,
Mobile phase B. A mixture of 350 volumes of acetonitrile R and 650 volumes of buffer solution pH 2.3,
- a gradient programme using the following conditions:
- as detector a spectrophotometer set at 220 nm,
maintaining the temperature of the column at 40 �C.
Inject 20 �l of reference solution (b), 20 �l of reference solution (d) and 20 �l of reference solution (e).
Adjust the sensitivity of the system so that the height of the peak due to N-acetyltryptophan in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b) is at least 50 per cent of the full scale of the recorder.
The test is not valid unless:
- in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b), the resolution between the peaks corresponding to N-acetyltryptophan and 1,1'-ethylidenebistryptophan is at least 8.0. If necessary, adjust the time programme for the elution gradient. An increase in the duration of elution with mobile phase A produces longer retention times and better resolution;
- the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (e) has a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 15.
Inject 20 �l of test solution (a) and 20 �l of test solution (b). Check that in the chromatogram obtained with test solution (a) there is no peak with the same retention time as N-acetyltryptophan (in such case correct the area of the N-acetyltryptophan peak). In the chromatogram obtained with test solution (b): the area of any peak corresponding to 1,1'-ethylidenebistryptophan is not greater than 0.5 times the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (e) (# ppm); the sum of the areas of any peaks with retention times less than that of tryptophan is not greater than 0.6 times the area of the peak corresponding to N-acetyltryptophan in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b) (100 ppm); the sum of the areas of any peaks with a retention time greater than that of tryptophan, apart from N-acetyltryptophan, and up to 1.8 times the retention time of N-acetyltryptophan, is not greater than 1.9 times the area of the peak due to N-acetyltryptophan in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b) (300 ppm). Disregard any peak with an area less than 0.02 times that of the peak due to N-acetyltryptophan in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b).
Chlorides (2.4.4). Dissolve 0.25 g in 3 ml of dilute nitric acid R and dilute to 15 ml with water R. The solution without any further addition of nitric acid (200 ppm), complies with the limit test for chlorides.
Sulphates (2.4.13). Dissolve 0.5 g in a mixture of 5 volumes of dilute hydrochloric acid R and 25 volumes of distilled water R and dilute to 15 ml with the same mixture of solvents. The solution complies with the limit test for sulphates (300 ppm). Ammonium (2.4.1). 0.10 g complies with limit test B for ammonium (200 ppm). Prepare the standard using 0.2 ml of ammonium standard solution (100 ppm NH4) R. Iron (2.4.9). In a separating funnel, dissolve 0.50 g in 10 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid R. Shake with three quantities, each of 10 ml, of methyl isobutyl ketone R1, shaking for 3 min each time. To the combined organic layers add 10 ml of water R and shake for 3 min. The aqueous layer complies with the limit test for iron (20 ppm). Heavy metals (2.4.8). 2.0 g complies with limit test D for heavy metals (10 ppm). Prepare the standard using 2 ml of lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb) R. Loss on drying (2.2.32). Not more than 0.5 per cent, determined on 1.000 g by drying in an oven at 100 �C to 105 �C. Sulphated ash (2.4.14). Not more than 0.1 per cent, determined on 1.0 g.ASSAY
Dissolve 0.150 g in 3 ml of anhydrous formic acid R. Add 30 ml of anhydrous acetic acid R. Titrate with 0.1 M perchloric acid, using 0.1 ml of naphtholbenzein solution R as indicator.
1 ml of 0.1 M perchloric acid is equivalent to 20.42 mg of C11H12N2O2.
STORAGE
Store in a well-closed container, protected from light.
IMPURITIES
A. 3,3'-[ethylidenebis(1H-indole-1,3-diyl)]bis[(2S)-2-aminopropanoic] acid (1,1'-ethylidenebistryptophan),
B (S)-2-amino-3-[(3RS)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]propanoic acid (dioxyindolylalanine),
C. (S)-2-amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (kynurenine),
D. (S)-2-amino-3-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid (5-hydroxytryptophan),
E. (S)-2-amino-4-[2-(formylamino)phenyl]-4-oxobutanoic acid (N-formylkynurenine),
F. (S)-2-amino-3-(phenylamino)propanoic acid (3-phenylaminoalanine),
G. (S)-2-amino-3-(2-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid (2-hydroxytryptophan),
H. (3RS)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-b-carboline-3-carboxylic acid,
I. 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-b-carboline-3-carboxylic acid,
J. (S)-2-amino-3-[2-[2,3-dihydroxy-1-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1H-indol-3- yl]propanoic acid,
K. (S)-2-amino-3-[2-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propanoic acid,
L. 1-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-b-carboline-3-carboxylic acid
07 augustus 2000
Staf Farmaceutische Analyse 5e-jaar