Research

Teaching & Internships

People

Publications

Events and Seminars

Vacancies

Internships in the Behavioural Biology group / Actuele Onderwerpmogelijkheden bij Gedragsbiologie

Please contact the appropriate supervisor in Behavioural Biology if you are interested in the following projects as part of a masters study. Please let us know the following when you contact us:

- Which project you are interested in, and why: please detail your motivation.

- Your relevant academic experience (for example, have you completed a course in animal behaviour or an allied discipline? Such experience is normally a prerequisite for beginning a stage).

- Which course you are currently doing, and where you are studying.

- How long an internship you are looking for.

- When you would like to start and finish, and your flexibility regarding these dates.

Students from outside Utrecht should inform us of any special requirements made by their home university and must ensure that academic credit earned here is transferable. Please check with your home university that is is possible for you to do a stage here before you get in touch with us.

Projects categorised by topic:
Cognitive neuroscience of bird song learning
Primate social cognition
Social behaviour and social learning in fish and humans
Primate brain evolution

Social behaviour of Bonobo's, CRC, Antwerp Zoo
Personality and social rank in great tits, NIOO-CTE in Heteren
Social behaviour of monkeys and apes, Stichting AAP, Almere


COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF BIRD SONG LEARNING (contactpersoon: prof. J.J. Bolhuis, tel. 253 5404)

[zebra finch]

Neural mechanisms of song learning in birds

Bird song learning is a promiment paradigm in the study of the neural mechanisms of complex behaviour. Songbird males need to learn their song from a tutor, usually an adult conspecific male. Until recently, two forebrain pathways connecting a number of 'song control nuclei'  were thought to comprise the neural substrate for bird song, including song memory. Recent studies, using the expression of the immediate early genes (IEGs; thought to be a reflection of neuronal activation) c-fos and ZENK have shown, however, that song perception led to neuronal activation in different forebrain regions, particularly the caudal part of the medial neostriatum (NCM) and the caudal part of the medial hyperstriatum ventrale (CMHV). It has been suggested recently that NCM and CMHV may be the neural substrate for the storage of the tutor song, following findings from our laboratory demonstrating a significant correlation between neuronal activation in the NCM in response to exposure to song, and the strength of song learning. In this project we will investigate the expression of IEGs in NCM, CMHV and some conventional 'song control nuclei' in male and female zebra finches when exposed to learned tutor song, their own song, or unfamiliar sounds.

Relevant references

Bolhuis, J.J., Zijlstra, G.G.O., Den Boer-Visser, A.M. & Van der Zee, E.A. (2000) Localized neuronal activation in the zebra finch brain is related to the strength of song learning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 2282-2285.

Bolhuis, J.J. & Eda-Fujiwara, H. (2003) Bird brains and songs: neural mechanisms of birdsong perception and memory. Anim. Biol., 53,  129-145.

Researchers: Prof. Johan Bolhuis, Behavioural Biology, 2535404, j.j.bolhuis@uu.nl, Sanne Moorman, MSc, 2535416, s.moorman@uu.nl

Minimum length of student research: 6 months


Neuroanatomy of the songbird brain

Bird song learning is a promiment paradigm in the study of the neural mechanisms of learning. Until recently, two forebrain pathways connecting a number of 'song control nuclei' were thought to comprise the neural substrate for bird song, including song memory. Recent studies, using the expression of certain immediate early genes (IEGs; thought to be a reflection of neuronal activation) have shown, however, that song perception led to neuronal activation in different forebrain regions, particularly the caudal part of the medial neostriatum (NCM) and the caudal part of the medial hyperstriatum ventrale (CMHV). It has been suggested recently that NCM and CMHV may be the neural substrate for the storage of the tutor song, following findings from our laboratory demonstrating a significant correlation between neuronal activation in the NCM in response to exposure to song, and the strength of song learning. In this project we will trace the afferent and efferent connections of NCM and CMHV, in relation to auditory projection areas and conventional 'song control nuclei', using different neuroanatomical techniques.

Relevant references

Bolhuis, J.J., Zijlstra, G.G.O., Den Boer-Visser, A.M. & Van der Zee, E.A. (2000) Localized neuronal activation in the zebra finch brain is related to the strength of song learning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 2282-2285.

Bolhuis, J.J. & Eda-Fujiwara, H. (2003) Bird brains and songs: neural mechanisms of birdsong perception and memory. Anim. Biol., 53,  129-145.

Researcher: Prof. Johan Bolhuis, Behavioural Biology, 2535404, j.j.bolhuis@uu.nl

Minimum length of student research: 6 months

Vocalisaties hebben een belangrijke functie bij de communicatie tussen soortgenoten in vele soorten zangvogels en niet-zangvogels. Zij kunnen een rol spelen bij de herkenning van soorten en individuen, en bij sexuele selectie, middels partnerkeuze en competitie tussen mannetjes. Zangvogels (Oscines) leren hun liedje van een 'tutor', meestal tijdens een gevoelige periode vroeg in de ontwikkeling. Het leren van vogelzang heeft twee fasen: een geheugen fase en een fase waarin vocaal leren plaatsvindt. Tijdens de geheugen fase wordt het dier geacht een z.g.n. 'template' of geheugen te vormen van het liedje van de vader. Later, tijdens de vocale leer-fase, zal het jonge dier zelf beginnen te vocaliseren, waarbij zijn eigen vocalisaties geleidelijk worden aangepast ('matching') aan de informatie die in het geheugen is opgeslagen. Er is veel bekend over de neurale circuits die betrokken zijn bij vogelzang. Echter, er is opvallend weinig bekend over het neurale substraat voor het leren en geheugen van vocalisaties bij vogels.

Onderzoek aan de ontwikkeling van zang bij een aantal soorten zangvogels heeft geleid tot de suggestie dat er twee hersen-circuits bij het leerproces betrokken zijn, het z.g.n. rostrale circuit (met o.a. de hersengebieden HVC, Area X en LMAN) en het caudale circuit (incl. de gebieden HVC en RA). Het caudale circuit zou betrokken zijn bij de productie van zang, terwijl het rostrale circuit betrokken zou zijn bij zang-acquisitie. Het beeld van twee circuits die betrokken zijn bij zang moest worden bijgesteld toen een aantal onderzoekers aan het begin van de 90-er jaren de techniek van de expressie van immediate early genes (IEG's) ging gebruiken. IEG's komen tot expressie als een cel geactiveerd wordt. IEG's komen veel eerder tot expressie dan 'normale' genen, en kunnen worden gebruikt als een 'marker' voor de activiteit van cellen zoals neuronen. Het verrassende resultaat van dit onderzoek was dat, na blootstelling van zebravinken aan een liedje, er IEG expressie was in hersengebieden (NCM en CMHV) die normaliter niet in verband worden gebracht met zang leren. Later onderzoek met IEG's toonde aan dat er een dissociatie is tussen de hersengebieden die betrokken zijn bij de productie en bij de perceptie van zang. Ons eigen onderzoek heeft aangetoond dat er gelokaliseerde neuronale activatie is in de NCM die correleert met de sterkte van het zang-leren. Het lijkt waarschijnlijk dat de NCM (een deel van) het neurale substraat is voor de opslag van informatie over het tutor-liedje, waarbij de CMHV wellicht een rol speelt bij de representatie van meer complexe eigenschappen van liedjes. Deze resultaten vormen de eerste duidelijke aanwijzing voor de localisatie van het neurale substraat van zang leren.

Het onderzoek richt zich op verschillende aspecten van de neurobiologie van zang leren bij zebravinken en andere zangvogels, o.a.:

Wat zijn de neuroanatomische verbindingen tussen NCM, CMHV en de rest van de voorhersenen? Hiertoe zullen verschillende neuroanatomische tracing methodes worden gebruikt.

Wat is de histologische structuur van NCM en CMHV? Hiertoe kan bijv. met de Golgi kleuringsmethode worden bepaald wat voor type neuronen zich in deze gebieden bevinden en wat het aandeel is van de verschillende typen in de populatie.

Welke hersengebieden zijn betrokken bij auditief leren bij vrouwtjes? Vrouwtjes zebravinken zingen niet, maar kunnen wel een liedje leren herkennen en zullen daar ook de voorkeur aan geven als ze kunnen kiezen tussen het 'tutor' liedje en een onbekend liedje. Middels operante leertaken zal de auditieve voorkeur van vrouwtjes worden gemeten. D.m.v. verschillende technieken zal worden onderzocht welk deel van de hersenen bij dit leerproces betrokken is.

Van welk aspect van de zang van mannetjes is er een neurale representatie in NCM en CMHV? Is informatie over het 'tutor' liedje of over het eigen liedje opgeslagen? Informatie over welk aspect van een liedje is opgeslagen? (bijv. structuur, lengte, bekendheid, soortspecificiteit). Hierbij kunnen liedjes m.b.v. een computer worden veranderd, en het effect van deze veranderingen worden gemeten.

Welke delen van de hersenen zijn betrokken bij het leren van zang bij z.g.n 'open ended learners', zoals de parkiet of de spreeuw? I.t.t. de zebravink (een 'closed learner') kunnen deze vogelsoorten gedurende hun leven steeds nieuwe liedjes leren. Zijn dezelfde hersengebieden hierbij betrokken? Zijn zij ook betrokken bij het leren van arbitraire geluiden, bijv. in een auditieve discriminatietaak?

Bij het onderzoek aan vogelzang worden ook neurobiologische technieken gebruikt. Bij sommige onderzoekingen kan men desgewenst kennismaken met meer complexe mathematische en statistische methoden. De computer speelt bij de registratie en de analyse van gedragsprocessen, rm vocalisaties en bij neuroanatomische beeldverwerking een belangrijke rol.

Bij een aantal van deze onderwerpen bestaat eventueel de mogelijkheid om onderzoek in laboratoria buiten Utrecht te verrichten, in overleg met Prof. Bolhuis.


PRIMATE SOCIAL COGNITION: IN THE NETHERLANDS / PRIMATEN NEDERLAND (contactpersoon dr. Liesbeth Sterck)

Java-Apen

Regulation of primate relationships in macaques

Most primates live in groups. Though group life is advantageous for a number of reasons, conflicts of interests will inevitably arise between group members. These conflicts are often expressed in aggressive interactions, either dyadic or triadic. In other mammals, aggression may lead to distance between the contestants. Group living primates, however, are thought to employ specific social strategies to regulate conflicts, in order to maintain social bonds between group members and counterbalance the tendency between the opponents to separate. The most well known of these strategies is reconciliation: increased amounts of friendly contact between two opponents within in a certain time period after the conflict. It is thought that by reconciliation contestants repair the relationship that has been jeopardized by the conflict.

We investigate the regulation of conflicts and its effect on relationships within groups of long-tailed macaques.

Researchers: dr. Liesbeth Sterck (tel: 2535405; email: e.h.m.sterck@uu.nl)

Minimum length of student research: 6 months (observations, processing of data and writing of student report)

Application: at least one month before start student research (a researcher may not be able to place a student in such short notice)

Requirements: course in Cognition and Behaviour; course in statistics


Visual perspective taking in common marmosets

In order to understand the evolution of human cognition, it is crucial to know which cognitive skills are present in different species along the primate lineage. One important human cognitive capacity is visual perspective taking (VPT), the ability to understand what other individuals can (or cannot) see. We aim at testing VPT in the common marmoset, a new world monkey.

A new paradigm for testing VPT in monkeys will be used, in which the monkeys are shown pictures of conspecifics. The student will have the opportunity to practically work with the animals when conducting the experiment. He/she will have to measure the attention of the monkeys from videotapes. Besides, he/she will work with EEG data that will be collected during the current experiment and additional EEG as well as ECG data from a previous similar experiment.

Researcher: Anne Overduin-de Vries (tel: +.31.15.2842527 ; email: anneoverduin@kpnmail.nl)

Start date: beginning of september 2011

Minimum length of student research: 6 months (experiment, processing of data and writing of student report).

Application: at least one month before start student research (a researcher may not be able to place a student in such short notice)

Requirements: course in Cognition and Behaviour; course in statistics


Social competence in rhesus macaques

The rearing conditions of rhesus macaque infants are likely to affect their social competence later in life. We investigate the effect of rearing conditions on patterns in spontaneous social behaviour, such as the nature of aggressive interactions and reconciliation after aggression. In addition, the relation between different communicative signals and the meaning assigned by the receiver as judged by its subsequent behaviour. These signals can be affiliative (lip-smacking, lifting), aggressive (threats, grunts) or signals during play (play-invitations, continuation of play). Therefore, behaviour of immatures of social groups and immatures in a peer group will be compared.

Researchers: dr. Liesbeth Sterck (tel: 2535405; email: e.h.m.sterck@uu.nl), dr. Maaike Kempes (email: kempes_m@hotmail.com)

Minimum length of student research: 6 months (observations, processing of data and writing of student report).

Application: at least one month before start student research (a researcher may not be able to place a student in such short notice)

Requirements: course in Cognition and Behaviour; course in statistics


Simulation models of primate social cognition and behaviour

Alongside to empirical research simulation models can be used to study the cognitive capacities required to establish and maintain particular social relationships. Individual-based simulation models are well suited for this type of research. The aim is to develop a model to study the effect of the presence or absence of particular social knowledge and social cognitive capabilities on the characteristics and dynamics of social relationships.

In an individual-based simulation model each animal is modelled by means of a piece of program, that simulates the (assumed) perceptual and information-processing capacities of the real animals. The modelled animals can see each other in their local environment, they can store the (assumed) experiences from interactions with conspecifics in their memory. The acts of the animals are controlled by the current perceptible features in their local, social environment in conjunction with the stored memories. In the model different ways of accessing and retrieving these memories will be experimented with to find out how this can lead to differences in the changing relationships between the animals. The models will be developed using the programming environment NetLogo, which is specially designed for individual-based modelling.

Researchers: Ellen Evers, MSc (email: lukanoon@gmail.com) and dr. Han de Vries (tel. 2535403; email: j.devries1@uu.nl)

Minimum length of student research: 6 months

Application: at least one month before start of project

Requirements: course in animal behaviour, experience with programming


 

PRIMATE BRAIN EVOLUTION

The large brains of primates are an evolutionary puzzle. They carry a number of costs, such as heavy energy demands or extended developmental periods. We wish to examine the cognitive benefits of brain enlargement, and also the consequences of such enlargement for evolutionary rates. In collaboration with Utrecht's Primate Brain Bank, we have permission to scan over 50 primate brains and make volumetric measurements of brain components. Many of these species have never been measured before, allowing us to contribute to work on primate brain structure diversity. Depending on their interests, students can focus on comparative analysis (based on published literature) or brain scanning and measurement. Additional details.

Researcher
: dr. Simon Reader.

Minimum length of student research: 5 months

Application: at least one month before start of student research

Requirements: courses in animal behaviour, evolutionary biology, or similar, and statistics.


LABORATORY STUDIES OF SOCIAL LEARNING AND INNOVATION (contactpersoon Simon Reader)

Many animals use social information from other group members in deciding where to feed, who to mate with, or what to eat. However, animals, including humans, are often faced with conflicting information. For example, their personal knowledge may differ from that of the rest of the group. How do individuals assess the reliability of information sources and choose between them? How do innovations arise, how do they spread through groups, and how are innovations built on innovations during cultural evolution? What are the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these processes? How do these cognitive capacities evolve, and what are their evolutionary consequences? We are addressing all these issues. Additional information.

Learning strategies in guppies and humans

How do individuals choose when to use social information, when to use personal information, or when to try something completely novel and innovate? How do individuals choose between different sources of social information? What kind of learning strategies do animals employ? Within the Behavioural Biology group, we are addressing these questions with guppies and humans. Projects are available to conduct work on guppies (co-supervised by Matt Bruce), on humans (co-supervised by Ulf Tölch, based in Utrecht's Geosciences faculty), or the two systems together. Additional details.

Researcher: dr. Simon Reader.

Minimum length of student research: 5 months.

Application: at least one month before start of project.

Requirements (for Biology students): courses in animal behaviour, or similar, and statistics.

 

Neuropeptidal influences on social behaviour in zebrafish

In zebrafish, we wish to investigate the influence of the peptides vasotocin and isotocin on social behaviour, focusing in particular on the social transmission of information between group members. The project will be co-supervised by Drs. Charlotte Lindeyer. This is part of a 'High Potentials' project, with parallel studies on human behaviour. Additional details.

Researcher: dr. Simon Reader.

Minimum length of student research: 5 months.

Application: at least one month before start of project.

Requirements (for Biology students): courses in animal behaviour, or similar, and statistics.


Internships at Delta Phenomics, Utrecht.

Click here for the internships at Delta Phenomics.


Internships at the Centre for Research and Conservation, Antwerp Zoo, Belgium.

Click here for the internships at the CRC.

Click here for a description of Master studentship or Volunteer position for Projet Grands Singes, Cameroon


Relationship between personality and social rank in great tits on feeding tables, NIOO-CTE in Heteren

Click here for description of the project.


Internship at Stichting AAP, Almere

Click here for description of these internships.


Ecology and the use of elementary technology by wild chimpanzees in the Nimba Mountains, Guinea, West Africa

Click here for description of the project.


Last updated: 1 July 2011. Click here to report site updates and problems.